DSP Equations In Latex

I was recently documenting some DSP equations in Latex and couldn't find any suitable examples so I've put them together and thought I'd share.

The Fourier Transform

\large \mathscr{F} \normalsize (x(t))=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x(t)e^{-j \omega t}dt

Rendering

$$\large \mathscr{F} \normalsize (x(t))=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x(t)e^{-j \omega t}dt$$

The Discrete Time Fourier Transform

X(k) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}x(n).e^{-j 2 \pi nk/N},\; for\; 0 \le k \le N-1

Rendering

$$X(k) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}x(n).e^{-j 2 \pi nk/N},\; for\; 0 \le k \le N-1$$

FIR Filter

y(n) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}h(k).x(n-k)

Rendering

$$y(n) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}h(k).x(n-k)$$

IIR Filter

y(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{N}a_{k}.y(n-k) + \sum_{r=0}^{M}b_{r}.x(n-r)

Rendering

$$y(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{N}a_{k}.y(n-k) + \sum_{r=0}^{M}b_{r}.x(n-r)$$

Roots Of Quadratic Equation $ax^{2} + bx + c = 0$

x=\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Rendering

$$x=\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$$

Notes

To align equations with the equals sign, embed in the following blocks, use "&=" for the alignment and separate each line by ending with " \\".

\begin{equation*}
\begin{align*}

\end{align*}
\end{equation*}

VSCode doesn't support equation numbering auto increment and Colab doesn't support "equation*" or "aligned*" for disabling equation numbers. Colab requires "aligned" not "align".

Latex References

Mathematical Symbols: https://www.cmor-faculty.rice.edu/~heinken/latex/symbols.pdf

Online Latex Editor: https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php

Adding Latex To Blogger: https://webapps.stackexchange.com/a/153527

The 30th Annual Running Of The University Of Oxford Digital Signal Processing Course Will Be Held Online Again, In 2022

The 30th annual running of the University Of Oxford Digital Signal Processing course will include a second online edition that will be running over a six week period, from Monday 17 Oct 2022 - Friday 25 Nov 2022.

The course first moved online in 2020 and has received excellent reviews from the attendees.

Based on the classroom course, Digital Signal Processing (Theory and Application), this online course consists of weekly live online tutorials and also includes a software lab that can be run remotely. We'll include all the same material, many of the existing labs and all the interaction of the regular course.

Online tutorials are delivered via Microsoft Teams once each week and practical exercises are set to allow you to practice the theory during the week. 

You will also have access to the course VLE (virtual learning environment) to communicate with other students, view and download course materials and tutor support is available throughout.

Code examples will be provided although no specific coding experience is required. 

The live tutorials will be on Wednesday each week from 13:00 - 14:30 and 15:00 - 16:30 (GMT) with a 30-minute break in between.

You should allow for 10 - 15 hours study time per week in addition to the weekly lessons and tutorials.

After completing the course, you should be able to understand the workings of the algorithms we explore in the course and how they can solve specific signal processing problems.

Full details are available here: https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/digital-signal-processing-online

DSP Tech Brief : Notes On Notch Filtering - IIR vs. FIR

 A very simple way to implement a notch filter is to use and FIR filter and place a conjugate pair of zeros on the unit circle to define the location of the notch, as shown in the following z-Domain diagram:

Testing this filter in the application showed that while the initial results were good, because the interference was removed, there was a subtle negative impact on the performance of the signal processing functions further down the chain.

On investigation, the cause of this performance degradation turned out to be due to the FIR filter implementation not resulting in equal signal magnitudes in the pass-bands either side of the notch.

This can be clearly seen in the following diagram, where we have a sample rate of 16 kHz and a notch at 2 kHz.

Swapping the FIR filter for a single IIR biquad filter solved the problem and the IIR filter frequency response is shown below:

Functions for designing both FIR and IIR notch filters are included in the Numerix-DSP SigLib DSP and ML library, which can be downloaded from here: https://github.com/Numerix-DSP/siglib.

The 30th Annual Running Of The University Of Oxford Digital Signal Processing Course Will Now Include A Live Option, In 2022

 The 30th annual running of the University Of Oxford Digital Signal Processing course will be running live, in Oxford, UK, from Tuesday 14 June 2022 to Friday 17 June 2022.

The courses are presented by experts from industry for Engineers in industry and over the last 30 years has trained many hundreds of Engineers, from all areas of Science and Engineering.

Here is a summary of the two courses.

Digital Signal Processing (Theory and Application) - Tuesday 14 June 2022 to Thursday 16 June 2022

https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/digital-signal-processing-theory-and-application
This course provides a good understanding of DSP principles and their implementation and equips the delegate to put the ideas into practice and/or to tackle more advanced aspects of DSP. 'Hands-on' laboratory sessions are interspersed with the lectures to illustrate the taught material and allow you to pursue your own areas of interest in DSP. The hands-on sessions use specially written software running on PCs.

Subjects include:
Theoretical Foundations
Digital Filtering
Fourier Transforms And Frequency Domain Processing
DSP Hardware And Programming
ASIC Implementation
Typical DSP Applications

Digital Signal Processing Implementation (algorithms to optimization) - Friday 17 June 2022

A one-day supplement to the Digital Signal Processing course that takes the theory and translates it into practice.
https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/digital-signal-processing-implementation-algorithms-to-optimisation
The course will include a mixed lecture and demonstration format and has been written to be independent of target processor architecture.
The course will show how to take common DSP algorithms and map them onto common processor architectures. It will also give a guide line for how to choose a DSP device, in particular how to choose and use the correct data word length for any application.

Attendee Feedback From Previous Courses:

It was informative, enjoyable and stimulating
Excellent content, very lively thanks to the 2 excellent presenters - Anonymous
A very good introduction to DSP theory
Excellent lecturers! Really useful information and very understandable
Great mix of theory and practice
The lecturers gave a detailed and excellent explanation of the fundamental topics of DSP with real world engineering practice.
This session closes the gap and clears up much confusion between classroom DSP theories and actual DSP implementation.
Very good session, with in-depth discussion on the math and background.

These courses will be held at the University of Oxford, UK

Analog I/O Example For The NXP LPC55S69-EVK

 I recently wrote some DSP code for the excellent NXP LPC55S69-EVK.

The standard audio I/O example for the LPC55S69-EVK implements a very simple piece of code to read in an array of audio data from the stereo codec and then write it back. It does not show how to access that data or process it using background DSP functions.

I have written an example that uses interrupts, ping-pong buffers and background tasks to apply DSP functions to the real-time audio datastream.

The example can be downloaded from: https://github.com/Numerix-DSP/embedded_projects

Version 10.00 Of The SigLib DSP Library Released And Is Now Fully Open Source

SigLib V10 now includes enhanced functions for training and inferring Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In addition to the traditional DSP functions, the SigLib ML functions are designed for embedded applications such as vibration monitoring etc. They are architected for Edge-AI applications and have been written for the highest level of MIPS and memory optimization.

Containing over 1000 DSP and ML functions, SigLib is now available with a dual open source (GPL) and commercial license and is available from GitHub at: https://github.com/Numerix-DSP/siglib.