I needed to take a break from doing some consultancy work and writing code for customers but the weather is very British today so rather than brave the outdoors I thought I'd have a play with Chat-GPT and see how good it is at writing DSP code.
I asked Chat-GPT the following: "write C code for FIR filter".
Here are the results, along with the supporting comments provided by Chat-GPT:
Here is an example code for a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter implementation in C language. This implementation assumes that the input signal samples and filter coefficients are stored in arrays.
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#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<stdlib.h>
#define N
100 // length of input
signal and filter coefficients
#define M
10 // length of
filter
int
main()
{
float
input_signal[N]; // input signal
float
filter_coeff[M]; // filter
coefficients
float output_signal[N]; // output signal
after filtering
int i, j;
// Generate input
signal and filter coefficients
for (i = 0;
i < N; i++) {
input_signal[i] =
(float)rand() / RAND_MAX; // generate random
input signal samples
}
for (i = 0;
i < M; i++) {
filter_coeff[i] =
(float)rand() / RAND_MAX; // generate random
filter coefficients
}
// Apply FIR
filter
for (i = 0;
i < N; i++) {
output_signal[i] =
0.0;
for (j = 0;
j < M; j++) {
if (i - j >= 0)
{
output_signal[i]
+= input_signal[i - j] * filter_coeff[j];
}
}
}
// Print output
signal
for (i = 0;
i < N; i++) {
printf("%f
", output_signal[i]);
}
return 0;
}
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In this implementation, we first generate random input signal samples and filter coefficients using the rand() function. Then, we apply the FIR filter by iterating over each sample of the input signal and computing the output sample as a weighted sum of the current and previous input samples, using the filter coefficients. Finally, we print the output signal.
Note that this implementation assumes that the length of the input signal and filter coefficients are fixed, and that the input signal is buffered in memory. In practice, more sophisticated algorithms and data structures may be required to handle larger input signals or streaming data.
Chat-GPT was similarly impressive for "write C code for IIR filter".
Writing DSP code always gets more fun when trying to write a more complex function, such as the Fast Fourier Transform.
It is very interesting to note that each Chat-GPT response is different and, in the case of the FFT example, I had to ask it to generate 3 responses before having a solution that was semi-optimal and included the complete code for the FFT.
- Solution #1 was a very interesting yet very impractical recursive solution!
- Solution #2 gave a solution that used the FFFTW library, which is more like it but I was hoping for raw C code
- Solution 3 gave the following solution:
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#include
<stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PI 3.14159265358979323846
void fft(double
*x_re, double *x_im, int n) {
int i,
j, k;
double
c, s, t1, t2;
double tr,
ti;
int m =
log2(n);
// bit reversal permutation
j = 0;
for (i
= 0; i < n - 1;
i++) {
if
(i < j) {
tr = x_re[i];
ti = x_im[i];
x_re[i] = x_re[j];
x_im[i] = x_im[j];
x_re[j] = tr;
x_im[j] = ti;
}
k =
n / 2;
while (k <= j) {
j -= k;
k /= 2;
}
j
+= k;
}
// Cooley-Tukey radix-2 algorithm
for (i
= 0; i < m; i++) {
int
len = pow(2,
i);
for
(j = 0; j < n; j += 2 *
len) {
for (k = 0; k < len; k++) {
c = cos(-2 *
PI * k / (2 * len));
s = sin(-2 *
PI * k / (2 * len));
t1 = x_re[j + k + len] * c - x_im[j
+ k + len] * s;
t2 = x_im[j + k + len] * c + x_re[j
+ k + len] * s;
x_re[j + k + len] = x_re[j
+ k] - t1;
x_im[j + k + len] = x_im[j
+ k] - t2;
x_re[j + k] += t1;
x_im[j + k] += t2;
}
}
}
}
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While solution 3 includes the complete code, it does call functions from the standard math library so is far from optimal.
The following request solved the math library issue "write C code for applying the FFT to a 64 point sine wave using a look-up table for the twiddle factors". Try it for yourself, the code is very good but if we want a real FFT then we need to tweak the request slightly.
The following request "write C code for applying the real FFT to a 64 point sine wave using a single look-up table for the twiddle factors and return the complex result" generated a very useable piece of code although it still uses the standard math pow function:
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#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<stdlib.h>
#include
<math.h>
#include
<complex.h>
#define PI
3.14159265358979323846
#define N
64
void
rfft(double *x, int n,
double complex *twiddle_factors, double complex *y) {
int i, j, k;
double c, s, t1, t2;
double complex tmp;
// bit reversal permutation and complex
conversion
j = 0;
for (i = 0;
i < n - 1; i++) {
if (i < j) {
tmp = x[i];
x[i] =
x[j];
x[j] =
tmp;
}
y[i] =
x[i] + I * 0.0;
}
y[n-1] =
x[n-1] + I * 0.0;
// Cooley-Tukey radix-2 algorithm
for (i = 0;
i < log2(n); i++) {
int len = pow(2,
i);
int half_len = len / 2;
int table_step = N / len;
for (j = 0;
j < n; j += 2 * len) {
for (k = 0;
k < half_len; k++) {
c = creal(twiddle_factors[k
* table_step]);
s = cimag(twiddle_factors[k
* table_step]);
tmp = c * y[j
+ k + half_len] - s * conj(y[j
+ k + half_len]);
y[j
+ k + half_len] = y[j + k] -
tmp;
y[j
+ k] += tmp;
}
}
}
// output conversion
for (i = 1;
i < n/2; i++) {
y[n-i] =
conj(y[i]);
}
y[n/2] =
creal(y[n/2]);
}
int
main() {
double x[N];
double complex y[N/2+1];
double complex twiddle_factors[N/2];
int i;
// generate input signal (64-point sine wave with
frequency 4 Hz)
for (i = 0;
i < N; i++) {
x[i] =
sin(2 *
PI * i * 4 / N);
}
// generate twiddle factors
for (i = 0;
i < N/2; i++) {
twiddle_factors[i] =
cexp(-2 *
PI * I * i / N);
}
// perform RFFT
rfft(x,
N, twiddle_factors, y);
// print output
for (i = 0;
i < N/2+1;
i++) {
printf("%d:
%f + %fi\n", i, creal(y[i]), cimag(y[i]));
}
return 0;
}
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While the use of the pow function is easily resolved, this does require a manual tweak to the code.
My final C test used the following request: "Write some C code to apply a 20 tap FIR filter to a sine wave and then analyze the results with a fast fourier transform". This resulted in some very neat code that also included a Hamming window on the input data and calculated the magnitude of the complex FFT result, all be it on the 4th attempt.
I did wonder how much knowledge Chat-GPT has of the SigLib DSP library so I tried "write C code for applying the real FFT to a 64 point sine wave using the SigLib DSP library". There were a few minor errors in the code output but generally, it was found that Chat-GPT had a pretty good knowledge about the library. One of the outputs actually included a full description of each step in the generated code :-).
When I'm writing completely new code, that is not based on anything I have written previously, I typically head over to Python (or Matlab, if that is what the customer prefers). So I asked Chat-GPT "Write some Python code to apply a 20 tap FIR filter to a sine wave and then analyze the results with a fast fourier transform". This code was very neat because it basically generated a very small but useable piece of code that used scipy.
I also tried the same request with Matlab instead of Python and I'm glad to report that Chat-GPT understands both languages, in addition to C :-)
Finally, I thought I could fool the beast by replacing the "Python code" request with "Analog Devices assembly code" and "Texas Instruments assembly code". It is interesting that the code generated is, indeed, assembly language for the appropriate DSPs but generates calls to the more complex functions as shown in this snippet:
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_fft:
; perform FFT using TI's DSP library
call #_do_fft
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Google Bard
Since writing the original blog, I've had some time to test
Google Bard. The results are almost identical to Chat-GPT. The code generated looks like it has come from the same sources, which I guess is not surprising really. I also found that Bard would generated very different results for each request and often required several attempts to get the perfect solution.
Bing Chat
Microsoft have their own version of Chat-GPT that can be used via Bing Chat however there are some differences to Chat-GPT and Bard.
Bing Chat doesn't seem to allow you to re-submit the same question because it seems to be "smart enough" to know that it has already answered the question and will tell you that it has already provided an answer. This is unfortunate if the provided solution is sub-optimal.
Bing Chat also only works in Edge. When using Bing in another browser it just acts like a traditional search engine - not a major limitation but one to remember.
VSCode Integration
For programming, the best option I've found is to install CodeGPT in VSCode, along with the API Key for Chat-GPT. Now all that is required is to write the comment for your code and hit <ctrl>+<shift>+i and start configuring the code that is generated :-).
Conclusion
For simple functions such as FIR and IIR filters, the code generated by Chat-GPT and Google Bard does exactly what was asked however the code is not really useable for embedded DSP applications. The main reasons are that the bots don't necessarily separate initialization and run-time code and also the code is not always the most optimized for the majority of CPU/DSP architectures.
When using Chat-GPT or Bard, it is often necessary to initiate several requests before the most optimum solution is provided.
For more complex functions such as the FFT, it is necessary to have a lot more knowledge of the application requirements and what optimizations can be performed. For example, when performing the FFT of a sine wave the user needs to understand that it is not necessary to use the complex FFT.
This code was generated using Chat-GPT v3.5, it will be very interesting to perform the same requests with Chat-GPT V4.0, when that is publicly available.
Final Thought
I look forward to the day when I can ask one of these new bots to optimize my new super-duper DSP function and, British weather permitting, I can spend the rest of the day on my mountain bike or in my canoe :-)
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